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Earth Science

 Standard 5: Structures of the Earth System – The earth is mostly rock, three-fourths of its surface is 
covered by a relatively thin layer of water, and the entire planet is surrounded by a relatively thin blanket of air, 
and is able to support life. The student will engage in investigations that integrate the process standards and lead
 to the discovery of the following objectives:
5.1 Global patterns of atmospheric movement influence local weather such as oceans’ effect on climate.
5.2 Clouds, formed by the condensation of water vapor, affect local weather and climate.

  Process Standard 6: Earth and the Solar System – The earth is the third planet from the sun in a system that includes
 the moon, the sun, eight other planets and their moons, and smaller objects, such as, asteroids and comets.
The student will engage in investigations that integrate the process standards and lead to the discovery of the following objectives:
PS6.1 Most objects in the solar system are in regular and predictable motion. Those motions explain such phenomena as the day,
the year, phases of the moon, and eclipses.
PS6.2 Seasons result from variations in the amount of the sun’s energy hitting the surface, due to the tilt of the earth’s
rotation on its axis and the length of the day.

  Process Standard 1: Observe and measure – Observing is the first action taken by the learner to acquire new information about an
object, organism, or event. Opportunities for observation are developed through the use of a variety of scientific tools.
Measurement allows observations to be quantified. The student will accomplish these objectives to meet this process standard.
PS1.1 Identify qualitative and/or quantitative changes given conditions (e.g., temperature, mass, volume, time, position, length)
before, during, and after an event.
PS1.2 Use appropriate tools (e.g., metric rulers, graduated cylinders, thermometers, balances, spring scales, stopwatches)
to measure objects, organisms, and/or events.
PS1.3 Use appropriate System International (SI) units (i.e., grams, meters, liters, degrees Celsius, and seconds);
and SI prefixes (i.e., micro- milli-, centi-, and kilo-) when measuring objects, organisms, and/or events.

  Process Standard 2: Classify – Classifying establishes order. Objects, organisms, and events are classified based on
similarities, differences, and interrelationships. The student will accomplish these objectives to meet this process standard.
PS2.1 Using observable properties, place an object, organism, and/or event into a classification system (e.g., dichotomous keys).
PS2.2 Identify properties by which a set of objects, organisms, or events could be ordered.

  Process Standard 3: Experiment – Experimenting is a method of discovering information. It requires making observations and
measurements to test ideas. The student will accomplish these objectives to meet this process standard.
PS3.1 Ask questions about the world and design investigations that lead to scientific inquiry.
PS3.2 Evaluate the design of a scientific investigation.
PS3.3 Identify variables and/or controls in an experimental setup (i.e., tested, experimental, and measured variables.
PS3.4 Identify a testable hypothesis for an experiment.
PS3.4 Design and conduct experiments.
PS3.5 Recognize potential hazards and practice safety procedures in all science activities.

  Process Standard 4: Interpret and Communicate – Interpreting is the process of recognizing patterns in collected data
by making inferences, predictions, or conclusions. Communicating is the process of describing, recording, and reporting
experimental procedures and results to others. Communication may be oral, written, or mathematical and includes organizing ideas,
using appropriate vocabulary, graphs, other visual representations, and mathematical equations.
The student will accomplish these objectives to meet this process standard.
PS4.1 Report data in an appropriate method when given an experimental procedure or data.
PS4.2 Interpret data tables, line, bar, trend, and/or circle graphs.
PS4.3 Evaluate data to develop reasonable explanation, and/or predictions.
PS4.4 Accept or reject hypotheses when given results of an investigation.
PS4.5 Communicate scientific procedures and explanations.

  Process Standard 5: Inquiry – Inquiry can be defined as the skills necessary to carry out the process of scientific or systemic thinking.
In order for inquiry to occur, students must have the opportunity to ask a question, formulate a procedure, and observe phenomena.
The student will accomplish these objectives to meet this process standard.
PS5.1 Use systematic observations, make accurate measurements, and identify and control variables.
PS5.2 Use technology to gather data and analyze results of investigations.
PS5.3 Review data, summarize data, and form logical conclusions.
PS5.4 Formulate and evaluate explanations proposed by examining and comparing evidence, pointing out statements that go beyond evidence,
and suggesting alternative explanations.
 




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